Chapter of the twentieth century the Qing Dynasty Chinese Buddhism
Section
since a decline of Buddhism, the decline of sectarian
from the middle of the seventeenth century, the Qing Dynasty after entry, although Buddhism still respect the letter, but the imperial frontier in order to win over the relationship between the Mongolian and Tibetan areas of Esoteric Buddhism , especially highly respected, which since the Yuan Dynasty and has been in Xiangyanchengxi, and the tradition of national policy. China's Buddhism, from the emperor after the Zen sect, in the jungle under the shadow of the system, the legal system of inheritance, a form of retention , but in fact, already brought to its knees, but also to maintain only the Pure Land one day team planning, the general spread in civil society. In addition, if a roof is looming, hanging by a thread. Huayan, Consciousness and other cases, Most already were in reality, echoing in the Zen, the roof, between the three Pure Land. This was a general overview of Buddhism.
if we are on the rise and fall of Buddhist scholarship, and academic positions, strictly speaking, to the late Ming and Qing the early stage of academic thought in the history of Buddhism in China has been the boom-bust, and because of that big firms Yangming Confucianism, Zen Master and Master Ming and a few who, despite being monks, some of which are from the Ming to the Buddhist understanding of the school, heart to. Therefore, after three hundred years to the Qing Dynasty, (a) of the literati and dedicated commitment to Kuangfu cause, and most of the post-Chi in the science of practical statecraft. monastery's monks were teachers, in Buddhism see the ground, and no particular Achievements, so Buddhist intellectuals, the can not have standing since the Tang and Song dynasties. (b) Buddhism itself, the decline of talent, and very few monks GREENVILLE like the Tang and Song Yi Hsing, Joan, that the wind the world of Kai Fan. to After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, many of the Zen monk who claims to virtual reputation, in order to spread plagiarize quotations from ancient Zen master, behind closed doors fictitious so-called towards incorporated into the The Chifeng or designation, it can MND self-proclaimed, and boast of the men and women between. so popular folk ballad, it will have have been very serious, so the Yongzheng emperor declared again and again, they do not have to cut Buddhist teachers responsible for learning poetry, as one would like to text fate, their dealings with the literati. He said: Imperial Academy, we have, since a monk, they should strive to practice card results, why bother with the text of the text name of the people for it! Empirical re really special reference to phase advertised Zen meditation, to the south of the Jinshan Temple and the Temple of the two high temple is most famous. him as a day boy, Yu Wang various monasteries, more has been followed.
II, Division monks and monasteries Song metamorphic
because the system has left the jungle shade, throughout the country, regardless of Temple, church, temple, hospital, there is considerable private property, such as forest, such as Terada, industry number is considerable. early Republican era, was made a preliminary investigation, that if the country focused on the Buddhist temple property, it can rich Houle Catholicism, the Holy See can match the wealth of cypress. Although the survey will be accurate at the end, however, its financial resources of the rich, as an indisputable fact, which is useless I can see evident. However, since the Ming Dynasty as well, this would have a perfect system, has generated a great abuse, throughout the country, except for a few famous jungle temple several large, retained its teach history legitimacy, but also give and accept the management of the monastery of assets. If only a few teachers, they are the same as secular people, divided into several rooms, such as ward, two-bedroom and other rooms were, seq delivery points, compliments of things, but also everywhere, so make official Buddhist teacher, also many tyrants. In addition to , and to make some return, talk-owned living. As disciples of recruiting converts, resulting in factionalism and the faithful have been overemphasized. We are back to the history, the Buddha of compassion, full of ambition past, a record for the salvation of Buddhism, and now is too busy self, to the extreme decadence. All religions are not allowed to go against their conscience about lying, so I wrote here, the only thing real live truth, to serve out about, that the visionary Buddhist and who rise and fall of Buddhism, to make a spur of the review and reflect on its toes mien.
II Buddhist Revival Movement in Late Qing Dynasty Buddhist
China since the Sui and Tang has already become the third leg of the tripod in the Chinese culture of Confucianism, Buddhism and Road, one of the three mainstream. because with the historical evolution of the Evolution of the dynasty, while ups and downs of the ups and downs, until the end of the century and this century is now, before the deferred original, or a still consistent, if not more change. In modern history, from Sino-British Opium War to the Sino-Japanese War, China was humiliated because of the country by a series of funeral division, lost claims of the painful lessons that Anpinyuedao, so dance the passage of normal people, by the external stimulus, this a dream wake up, watching Western culture ever since, gradually with the Western cultural ideas, but also change their ideas and to explore. followed, Western culture, to have entered China. The early missionaries came to China in the States, they face preaching the gospel of the kingdom of heaven, spread western side of the academic and research background of its actions, not without aggression, color, and cultural invasion, originally from relying on its imperial power, which in the circumstances, it will inevitably meet. the decline of the Qing state potential, already exposed; while Westerners do do not understand the cultural heritage of China for several thousand years, what exactly, so all the Chinese people as backward areas, like barbarians, stick in the discrimination between cells, so far, both home and abroad, has not been fully understood and completely dispel. This is the history of East-West cultural exchanges a major obstacle to human, thus causing obstacles Westerners in the historical status of the Chinese people, and there have been many difficult to estimate losses. now, although research on the excavation of more than, getting better realize and signs of improvement, but its future success, but also to be the test of history.
our cultural history, with the understanding, and then simply tell the twentieth century, Buddhism, can be a matter of course, can be understanding of the past. 're on the the revival of Chinese Buddhism on Chinese Buddhism
revival sake of discussion, first of all be attributed to Buddhism, Buddhist monks were the scholars. because in the last century and the beginning of this century, responsible for the Buddhist monks of the traditional family business who has such as the Qing government , are both uncertain world situation, closed-door policy, the general character complacent. Only lay intellectuals and scholars who change with the times, for refresher in order to open the revival of the machine operation, and open this one of the Society for German Renaissance Opportunity fathers, as is well known, there is no objection, we must first push the Shidai Mr. Yang Renshan. Mr. Saran, the name Wen, Anhui Shi Dai people, respect for the Yang Renshan modern master of scholars. His grandfather and Qing Ting Zhongxing famous officials had Kuo-fan for the same year, he was a teenager, his grandfather will immediately seen Zeng predecessors. Cengwenzhenggong see it was a plus appreciation, advised him to fame, his text is the public said: I do not ask aliens fame. fills the text is the public had to smile will never be very aware that he, and later told his son Tseng Chi-tse, a good train the personnel. to have Jize envoy to Europe, they asked him to serve as Counsellor in the name, in fact, by his power monopoly. He traveled Europe stage, strongly heed science. and later to Japan, he got the Japanese Buddhist scholar Southern provisions male help, so he found a lot of Tang and Song dynasties left in Japan, Buddhism Book. returned home, they never intended to officialdom, determined to promote the Buddhist life. Later Shezhai carved by, and not even his disciples, Mr. Ouyang, set up in Nanjing Jinling carved by the famous place, carrying forward the cause of Buddhism. inscribed with Buddhist sutras version to membership, will seek to fine the trial, widely collecting things, carefully worked out. a moment of the sowing the wind and held such as: the Hundred Days, one of the coup ranked Liu Jun Tan, Liang and other cultural renaissance and modern predecessors, and even the Great Masters by Mr Zhang, also are deeply committed to Buddhist influence . In short, Mr. Saran between the Late Qing Dynasty, were re-Gongqing, earthquake sound ruling and opposition parties, but always strive to promote Buddhism, life should be to lay the body of living beings, can be described as rare and precious.
inherit Mr. Yang Renshan later promote Buddhism career, there Ouyang not even President. Mr. Name gradually, Yihuang people, and Mr. Li Zhenggang so on, all travel Mr. Yu Renshan the door can be said that Buddhism giant Buddhist dragon image, scholars also respect the call master. He Following the behest of Mr. Saran, the founder of the Institute of Shina, specifically espoused Buddhist Wisdom, Consciousness Theory. from under him, there is a monk of the Master who has at home, scholars, such as Lvqiu Yi, Xiong, En Yang, Liang Ming, Huang Repentance China, are his disciples. At present, many scholars, most of the re-transmission is also a disciple of his, or indirectly influenced by him. within the College during the war, moved to Sichuan Jiang Jin, also in Sichuan, not even the death of Mr.. the published by the Buddhist Institute and the preface, is typical rhetoric Li, textual masterpiece of fine detail, which in turn comes from Mr. Lv Qiuyi mostly set by hand, he has over the test Sanskrit, Japanese and other versions, the boast of its cautious approach, one can imagine. At this time in the north and to the famous Buddhist masters, as well as Mr. Han Qingjing, so most scholars, it will have Republic of China, it is also the beginning of the twentieth century. by a series of Mr. Saran's influence in the Shanghai area specializing in Buddhism, those who promote the cause, there will be a Mr. Ding Fubao codification of the Idealism, there Nie head of Mr. law enforcement, Mr. Ma Yifu founder of the complex nature of the College, mix three religions theory, specifically the main Zen and Confucian classics The combination of the house style, dreams of the Department. but you can identify those who are due to Mr. Yang Renshan directly or indirectly inspired by the relationship. In short, to the early Republican era, the early twentieth century, Chinese academics, for the study of Buddhist culture, showing uncharacteristically, in particular, vigorously advance the various parties springing up, sun flowers, made a great fight Yan Jing , healthy and strong tendency to grow, this trend has continued the development of four or five decades.
Generally, the formation of an academic atmosphere, meaning there must be the background of its era, that is, its causes and consequences of the so-called isolated from the , while it is inevitable law of cause and effect.
first, and the answer on revival of Buddhism in China, quality straight to say that it is enough to stimulate thought by the reaction of Western culture. because of the late nineteenth century, the Chinese people to watch Western cultural thought, first found in Western study science and the humanities and political thought, so will the political doctrine influx of Western theories, new ideas will be vigorously and Hing. In order to explore the political and ideological, and naturally we have to pursue political and ideological leadership philosophy, so from the Greek has a variety of Western philosophical theory, it pours. In particular, the emerging materialism of this time, like a tidal wave and flooded everything. The entry of new ideas to promote Chinese history from the revolutionary changes, the general intellectual, academic ideology, inherited the Neo, or close family has always been close, do not bother to teach his similarities and differences between the three theories, all of a sudden the face of the newly imported Western variety of philosophical grounds occupied by the enemy, between haste, there will be lagging far behind the illusion. it is generally full of national consciousness, and the more conservative, there are deeper Guoxue cultivation of young intellectuals in the potential of consciousness, it creates a virtually irresistible power. but ask ourselves, traditional Confucianism, three thousand years, indium has been closed circles in ethics, in order to pure thought, beyond the materialistic idealism in Western philosophy, there Liquciqiong difficult to develop clear feeling. so ambitious Mr. Yang Renshan and his ilk, to Japan, upon contact with the idea Dharmalaksana Consciousness, Han has found the supreme metaphysical philosophy can be command of idealism, materialism, the idea of an orderly in its orderly the logical result of Ming, and ethics, to repair permits, and other physical and psychological theoretical dense, almost the suppression and tolerance, so it will have feel compassion given the ambition of saving the world. Since then, popular grass Yan, who learned Yuan Shen, between right and wrong Heritage scholars also to admire endless, and sometimes rush, and swept the Chinese academia. On the other hand, more tendency of Western culture scholars, of course, a large number, as advocates of reconciliation, self is also a lot of people. This department issues, but do not a theory.
Second, the answers tend to Buddhist thought, honestly speaking, their motivation, was originally started by the Buddha to the academic theory to guide the Eastern and Western philosophy, then more drill deeper, we knew that he would become a devout Buddhist, virtually the only way into the religious , the natural decline of Buddhism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in itself, vow requires rectification. so confused neither save the world, and no time to save themselves, the result of the monks and Buddhist monks, inadvertently formed Bing Tan, potential incompatibility, has been referred to the Hong Buddhist Dharma as , patience can not load the difficult situation, so not even in his later evil spirits, Mr. Chao was the doctrine, the sixth item, there will be identified with the Buddhist monk Kobo's outspoken criticism can, we can see exactly the same time Yang Renshan and Ouyang place between master and apprentice, the controversy caused by the monks preaching, very serious. this issue until now is still filled with Buddhist monks and laymen in between, made to Buddhism, it is a major internal injuries.
Since then, the Institute of Shina style of study, but also start a new direction, down, such as not even disciples of Mr. Xiong and so on, because while not a Buddhist, complex lattice window generous people in the world feel the road, has only Buddhism not necessarily so, we weight the old school grounds, and create a blend of Confucian and Buddhist thought intermediation style of study. Xiong put the accomplished with the Consciousness-only school level, in fact, to be discussed. However, since not even the President of the Institute of a series of years, writing all the text lines are based on Xuanzang translated Insight Sect tone for the format, so badly understood through, the formation of atmosphere, so that the of opportunity. At this time the monks of the Buddhist and a monk who, although the pressure has been era, but they still are still living on the hillside forest, the September two years), the Qing emperor to abdicate, the Republic of Zhaozao, Yuan grudge against her, Negative monarchy, Buddhism itself, and given the foreign religion, organized and planned the mission operations, as well as by political thinking, it was enjoyed by the Toutuo famous monk that launched eight to convene representatives of the National Buddhist temples in Shanghai to stay Yun Temple, the creation of the Chinese Buddhist Association, agreed constitution. While the organization of the Buddhist Association of the petition the government, not yet approved the filing period Meng Yuan Shikai government in the internal affairs Secretary for the Department of Customs, in order to properly raise the imperial funds, one would fancy Buddhist temples across the country, so in the Republican years, there will be promoted to the public and private temples of the incident, eight Toutuo this means striving to Beijing, and always to no avail , it cynical to death. because the famous Monk's death to try, only by his poetry during his lifetime friends, such as Xiong Xiling, Yang Du Deng Baren, to the provision of Yuan said, so the constitution of the Chinese Buddhist Association, only after the State Council published validation, Buddhist temples, which less safe. VIII refers to the Toutuo, Xiangtan Huang son, Farmington Jing An, send the word Zen. came from a solitary and poor, and for cattle, not reading, not read. often associated with contemporary celebrities such as Mr. Wang Xiangqi Friends of the parties themselves, for ascetic practice, suddenly enlightened, initially made a temple abbot, hope re-Ogata. Since then, the national revolution is not entirely successful, since the overthrow of Yuan has entered the situation of warlordism, Bingxian rest of his life, the domestic famous temple, the growing invasion of hills, that the quartering of troops and horses warlords, the great ; world famous soldiers ayes , at being branded as a Many things worthy of respect.
Void mage, Zhejiang Haining Zhang child, child alone, fifteen, or become a monk. painstaking practice, good as poetry, it must make at various celebrities, thirty years old, by the revolution monk Huashan, the impact of the two Qiyun, that the national revolution to participate in the Guangzhou area of work. Wuchang Uprising, the National Recovery, Master Sun Yat-sen audience, and organization in the Jinshan Temple Buddhist Association, Chi To rectify the new Buddhism in Modern China. So in the Buddhist community at the time, there will be revolution in the new row Jinshan Temple monks Void event, reputed a while. early Republican era, and devote themselves to practice, closed on Putuo Xilin Temple. After three decades, careful reform movement dedicated to Buddhism everywhere preaching lectures, and organized the monks of the cause of education. World Buddhist union movement, but also initiated by him, the Republic of twelve, three years, he was the sole standard in Lushan purpose of the joint World Buddhist, a famous monk in Japan, and Japanese Buddhism Thailand participating Kimura and other famous Yin, but also in English, German, French, Finland, Buddhists to attend. Then he went to lecture around the Buddhist studies in Japan. Since then, the plan to organize the Chinese Buddhist University, the World Buddhist University and other feats, because of limited funding , attempted the blog, rather than fruit of the line. the sequence of the Second World War, he had to do in Xiamen Fujian Buddhist College, Wuchang Buddhist Institute, Sino-Tibetan teachings homes, foster a new Buddhist monk was indeed also cultivate a number of outstanding monk, such as preaching and the famous monk in Sri Lanka to study law Fang is one of his favorite disciples. After the war, had visited the group to mobilize people of all Buddhist countries in Southeast Asia. His life, for the consolidation and vibration must be the desire of Buddhism, although the facts are not widely seen, but the desire, Zhi Shi is indeed worthy of admiration. his life himself, and the pure cross-faults, and their ideas are very new. He advocated completion of the personality. people into Jifo into, is the name really realistic . In addition, he argued that the movement initiated by Association of World Religions, and personally attended the event, indeed visionary, and many modern Buddhist education in the business, his veiled, even thought he was enthusiastic about politics, or too good name, Non actually comment. he can really be said to be an ascetic. I called the students when the old and new ideas turn and democracy a new stage, he was too warm, not completely understood the world situation, the lack of real political views, for the habit-ridden Chinese Buddhism, do not follow the gradient of the way, want to use revolutionary way to , prompting a sudden change, so there is willing to outstanding confused. For example, he founded a new Buddhist education, influence is very great, the Northern Expedition successful, provincial cities and counties have not only the establishment of the Buddhist Association, and most counties and cities also have the establishment of Buddhist College, etc., all who have been indirectly direct the movement of Buddhist monks his new education. However, the results of the new Buddhist education and Buddhist monks were teachers, for the new era of common sense, an increase of knowledge, while the doctrine and repair Dharma's work permit, but is getting worse, not as good as the original, and this is also a new kind of Buddhist education system on the biggest regret.
Toutuo from eight refers to the Void Master, are needed to adapt to the times, continuing Buddhist Wai life of the sage, which in modern Buddhist history should be regarded as a revered Buddhist disciples, after all, more than power, is worthy of great books and special characters in the book. In addition innovative, according to Buddhism and to practice acts generation scale, In the Pure Land, a printed Kwong; Sect, there Dixian Master; Lvzong, a Master Hongyi; Zen, mountains are expected to fight the Xuyun old monk, known as the Long Contemporary Zen Emei Golden Summit's transfer pot as a monk, Wanxian bell tower energy edge of the monk, Caine Road, Suzhou, dome mountain monk, Yangzhou, a monk of high Temple to fruit, which also can keep a few cases the wind, Zoran independent, and as the mainstay of Buddha. so many Buddhist venerable old man, are also contemporary Buddhist masters, the sacred character, or a representative figure of profound erudition. from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of xxxvii, eight years after they first embraced, and nearly half a century, the Buddhist culture, and knowledge of Chinese elements and Buddhist people, etc. a big impact. and even ages, names of public Juqing, fruit seller, more or less, direct or indirect, are trained in their appeal, they maintain the hearts of mankind, silent supporting the country's political and inadequate education can be described as power Don not donate, it is devoid of yet to know. In addition to the above monk pupils outside the province also has several virtues over the wind of the monks who find it difficult to do the above. in the above mentioned among the many monks, particularly in the Indian light, virtual cloud, Koichi Takashi three great prestige of, the name of high moment. Qing Yin Kuang originally Suru, not a monk in his past, would have been advocating science, rejection of Buddhism, a monk after the plain teaching people, often life of Confucius and Mencius Confucianism The reason, as Buddhist, Jin Liang, to be honest as what the key to recite. His words and deeds of the article, full of mercy artistically, the greatness, his words and deeds, white with album in circulation in home and abroad, not otherwise described. Master Hong Yi, without a monk before the celebrities, wit, and and artist, lifting, such as calligraphy, face painting, music, poetry, etc. , are all fine, and flowing out the group. He became the previous affair, spread the Shanghai-Hangzhou and Dongying in Japan is also a small few. monastery, the words and deeds of Qin-xiu, a clothing a bowl, hold strict discipline, people look and Qijing , in Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Xiamen, Wenzhou and other places, lived quite a long time. his lay disciples, Feng and other famous artists, all inspired by him, his life painting, to promote mercy killing and the Dharma efforts. In addition, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the South preached to monks as had the famous round Ying, Zhou Chi, Chi, etc. should be the Master; in the north, a virtual old Master; in Sichuan and Yunnan, with Chang round, the old monk dust ring , are advocating the same time Buddha's Pure Land Buddhist monk. more newcomer, promote East dense holding and loose, ultra-first class Master. promote Tibetan esoteric Buddhism, there can be sea, respect for law and other Master. In addition, in the early Republic and until Now, by Mr Zhang with shu between lust, actually they are not real monks. his informal character acting, a Sengsi in Guangzhou, the chance to get a dead monk Duodie, then it is named Monk. from out of the Scholars forest, very famous, the best for several years now. Nosey and labeled in the name of the master, people do not distinguish Su Zi, the world has mistaken monks, the group held with the Void, Master Hong comparable first-class, in fact, since the monk in the history of the Republic of China Deformed. Although Mansfield is also mild-mannered fellow too. Since the Republic of China, Buddhist activities, probably is the case. However, both exoteric and esoteric point of view, these are stories of modern Buddhism was taught in the esoteric aspects, but also the other have some style.
created when the early Republic, the country people, Sun Yat-sen to comply with the call of nationalism, we are aware of the Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, a five nationalities, are descendants, so communication Han the culture of Tibetan culture, they take its place. for the Government, since the Ming and Qing dynasties for the non-respect of the Mongolian and Tibetan areas were Buddhist or celebration, such as the Dalai Lama, the Panchen Lama, Master, etc. Zhangjia name, but also respect the closure routine They Hutuketu. hold the world as the tenth Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama XIV in India now, the two Living Buddha turned the enthronement ceremony of the Northern Expedition in the national revolution, the success of the Second World War, after Sino-Japanese War The Government have presided over ceremony attended accredited high officials, encomienda as before, Rongchong for me. and Kangchenjunga the nineteenth century, has in Sichuan, during and after the war and to Taiwan, and served as Senior high of the Nationalist government. early Republican in the Peiping , in Sichuan during the war, there are at western culture, hospital organization, from the early Republic of China since the third and fourth decade, Tibet, Tantric monks factions, the pro to the mainland spreading the esoteric teachings, and the mainland of the Master householders, chemotaxis Fu Xicang Method, and between each other and from Kham, Streams of another endless stream of the public. The first Tibetan Lama to China to promote Buddhism, there Bai Puren Venerable, red Buddha taught that such commitments; Later, the White Sect of Kunga Lama, took root Sang Buddha taught, the Yellow Sect of the East of the Geshe, Khenpo Ngawang, etc. They used to be glued to Kham, since the Republic of China since they are propagating a pro to the mainland. Chinese Buddhism , Tantric Buddhism of Tibet, since the Song and Yuan dynasties, the concept has remained mysterious, even to learn esoteric teachings, also mostly limited to the emperors palace large, the people rarely spread. to the Republic of China after the blockade line once the mysterious open to the general Buddhist people, suddenly exposed to the practice has been regarded as miraculous way, there confusing the trends, many people worship the mysterious, that in addition to Tibetan esoteric Buddhism that is only true way to achieve Buddhahood outside Other Buddhist, though not all despise, at least a taste of a bear meaning. Actually, those who really study Buddhism, the slightest heed the late Indian Buddhism, as well as Indian religious philosophy, such as the Brahman, such as a yoga in touch can understand the root causes of the so-called esoteric mystery, and the basis for its philosophy. But the dense atmosphere of learning, in the early Republic to the Second World War to a close, the Chinese Buddhist community, greatly increasing the potential prosperity. future the revival of Buddhism and life, it remains to be the successor when the Yin and the fearless spirit and the ongoing efforts of the.
conclusion after two thousand years, the Buddhist tradition has always been in the past, China and India for academic thought, politics, education , have had a brilliant achievement. to the future of Buddhism in China, since the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Li Sui, Tang Dynasty, has become a mainstream academic thought, and academic leadership, contributions to philosophy, to maintain the hearts of mankind, the auxiliary Politics of supply, its power can not be devoid of bias pushing the flaws later Buddhists do not speak, only from the big picture, you can praise it was on philosophy, religion, religious, is not exaggerated. As for its shortcomings As a result, there are many places within the meaning of disgrace by the society are integrated into a Buddhist non-Mo Liu, for the true teachings of Buddhism, and its great spirit, not the phase involved. But according to China is Buddhism, and Buddhism in Southeast Asia style, yet to know the future of optimism and cause for concern, people are Buddhist, although everyone is realizing the future to adapt to the terrible, still still is deeply embedded and can not make a fresh start. Yuan in its current situation, try to give six conclusions reference for the modern Buddhist. But these remarks, but essay writing to, but can not talk about some proposals, but there is criticism not only a comfortable feel about it.
one, the fate of Buddhism: from the founder of Buddhism Muni Buddha Buddha disciples founded the system of four years, all male monk monk monk mm common name, common name mm female public nuns nuns, as well as all the men and women at home, all the common name referred to Lay mm, or add the word to show that men and women Sex. Sakyamuni to Abbot (responsible) Buddhism Miriam Van, the task of promoting Buddhism, commanded told his congregation at the monks. mostly from Buddhism to the responsibility entrusted to the king, ministers, elders, Buddhist, Buddhism as a law enforcement support . Therefore, in China, India, Japan and other countries, the ancient ages of the phase remains, the fate of Buddhism, all rely on the maintenance regime and celebrities. to the end of the nineteenth century, after the democratic political system, to overthrow the imperial regime, thousands of autocracy bad habits, Buddhists not thorough enough understanding of democracy and freedom, the rule of law is not enough legal knowledge to understand, still under the grass on trees to go climbing in the community, or rely on the residual between the old regime. From now on, by the twentieth century to new stage in the twenty-first century, but also a tender mercies still invariably to decline life-dimensional, so do not stand for the new century from the line, I am afraid life such as hanging wires, the danger with the base egg.
II Buddhist Economics: two thousand years of Buddhist, whether in China, India or Japan, they always beg surplus in the agricultural community to maintain their own lives, for their own economic concept of religious groups, has never been done considering Moreover, frequently as a wake-up call to the precepts, so to teach the people of insight, did not dare to put forward ideas. Only China's Buddhism, Zen Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty, the jungle after the establishment of the system, only slightly with the size of religious groups, similar to the generation of the collective farm system , such a system, even after the form and with the teachings of Buddhism, spread to Japan. But for now, subject to capital developed, intense business competition, changes in social and economic structure of the whole, has only the old mode of production of agricultural society has not self- All livelihood, not to mention can not be self-reliant, relying on alms collect alms for the service. the future need to think of a way to survive in this subsidiary to maintain the Buddhist, I am afraid not wait for the elimination of others, simply can not base.
three followers unity: the purpose of any religion the world who would claim the true liberals of individual freedom, in addition to Western religion, has long been the administration of another religious understanding, self-regulatory organization other than a set of concrete. Buddhist doctrine of individual freedom, it can be said have been free to the extreme, a degree of selfishness into the absolute, at least in form is so. If the Chinese are a lack of solidarity, ...
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